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White oak is a pale wood with little natural color. The primary wood used by these artists was white oak, and the natural beauty of the wood was enhanced by two methods. Horner in New York or designed and built in the factories of the chair genius George Hunzinger. The process of quartersawing a log to produce the ‘tiger’s eye’ effect was an inefficient use of the wood.įine oak furniture was being made before the huge factory and catalog sequence, but it was being made one at a time by great craftsmen like Robert J. Then came the catalog sales idea to take advantage of this great unused capacity. Concurrently the expanding American furniture factory system was hitting its next great stride and was capable of mass-producing about as much product as its marketing people could sell.
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The second was the increasing scarcity of walnut after nearly 75 years of unquenchable Victorian appetite for the wood. The first was the arrival of the up-and-coming middle class, buoyed by the increasing prosperity following the Civil War. Oak was still used extensively in rural settings but formal furniture was almost all made of “formal” woods.īut during the third quarter of the century, especially toward the end of the quarter, several things happened simultaneously or consecutively to change the direction of American furniture styles. But along the way oak faded from view as mahogany and walnut dominated furniture tastes from the mid-18th century to very nearly the end of the 19th century. It was the primary wood of early Colonial furniture construction because of its ready availability and the general ease of its working qualities. Oak was old news to American cabinetmakers and furniture craftsmen. That style was the progeny of the great marketing strategy called the “catalog sales” and the style was Golden Oak. The country would have to wait until almost the end of the century to find itself a totally homegrown style that most of the populace could consider both affordable and comfortable. After that came the great succession of revivals that dominated most of the 19th century, and some of that work, especially during the Renaissance Revival period, could be called uniquely American, but it was more the method of the work that was uniquely American, not the style or the form. Even after the Revolution our great new national style, “Federal,” was greatly influenced by English designers like George Hepplewhite and Thomas Sheraton with the Adam brothers thrown in for good measure.Īmerican Neoclassical was a rehash of Greek architectural themes that morphed into Empire and then Late Classicism. Those styles included Jacobean and William and Mary among others. But with the exception of local variations and concessions to reality and necessity, most of the “formal” furniture was a reproduction or interpretation of Old World styles and tastes. Is there such a thing? Is there a style that is both typically American and that can be found primarily only in this country? Of course there are a number of candidates and many of them would nicely fill the requirements of the “American style” at first glance but take a closer look.Īfter getting off to a slow start, the early Colonists were more concerned with food and shelter than furniture, the furniture business picked up nicely and soon a great number of turners, cabinetmakers and woodworkers were making household products for the new settlements.
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Photo courtesy of ‘Grand Rapids Furniture – The Story of America’s Furniture City’ by Christian Carron.ĬRYSTAL RIVER, Fla. Harry Sherwood of Grand Rapids, Mich., developed a method of rolling oak looking grain patterns onto cheaper secondary woods to simulate quartersawn oak.